Category: Science

Now that you have selected the topic of: “emergent
and infection diseases still killing millions of people” for your project, you will now search for at least three scholarly references that you will use in your paper. An annotated bibliography is more than just a list of citations to primary research articles. Each citation (written in APA format) is followed by a brief descriptive paragraph (i.e. the annotation). The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance and the quality of the sources cited.

Select articles that will be useful for your final project. The quality and usefulness of your bibliography will depend on your selection of sources. When thinking about the scope of your research, you will need to make good judgments about what to include and exclude as an appropriate reference in your bibliography. Do not just include the first few articles that you find. The references MUST be primary literature articles.

An annotation briefly restates the main argument of a source article. An annotation of an academic source typically identifies the research question or hypothesis, the major methods of an investigation, the main conclusions, and why the student intends to use the reference within one paragraph. Keep in mind that identifying the argument of a source is a different task than describing or listing its contents. Rather than merely listing contents, an annotation should also account for why the contents are there. Make sure to summarize the content in your own words. Do not copy and paste information from the article into your bibliography.

For an example of an annotated bibliography see:

http://userwww.sfsu.edu/efc/classes/biol862-comm/h… (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

The request for the approved topic was listed below to ensure that the right path is being followed 🙂

The topic of
“emergent and infection diseases still killing millions of people”, has really
struck a chord of interest for me. Here in Michigan, the number of people with
measles (which is considered a communicable disease) is rising. Many of the
infected population are within an hour or two from me, and with the approval of
this topic, I feel as though this will allow me to research and understand more
as to why epidemics are still possible in today’s day and age.

1. Summarize the article; Article not related to topic assigned – maximum 50% of grade
2. Discuss how the information is related to the topic discussed in class or in the textbook.
3. You must cite the source article for your journal. This citation must include the date, article title and complete website URL or magazine, newspaper, or journal information. No citation – maximum 70% of grade

Choose an article that has been published since 2018 discussing one of the following topics.

• Use, extraction, or other issues related to fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas; including fracking)
• Use, storage, or other issues related to nuclear power
• Use or other issues related to solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, or wave energy as alternate energy sources

Discussion – What’s Eating You?   

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the more prevalent nosocomial infections in healthcare facilities today. Any patient with a compromised immune system or open wound is susceptible to contracting MRSA from medical staff or given family members. Although MRSA is commonly connected to health care facilities, MRSA can be found anywhere.

For your initial post, discuss who you believe to be at the highest risk for MRSA outside the health care environment? Explain. Discuss the common fomites or transmission factors involved as well as preventative measures the public can do to reduce or prevent MRSA infections.

For your reply post, expand on your peer’s ideas by sharing examples from your own experience or readings, suggesting outside resources to support the topic, and/or asking a furthering question to dig deeper into the topic.

Note:

“Expand on your peer’s ideas” needs more than 1 – 2 sentences for an acceptable reply.

If you refer to a website or article, be sure to cite it in APA format. This prevents plagiarism and allows your fellow students to review the cites and increase the class knowledge base.

Quiz Instructions

Your essay answer should be clear and succinct, amounting to perhaps 3-5 sentences totaling 50 to 80 words; longer essays are strongly discouraged. It is recommended that you prepare your answer in a separate document from which you copy it into Canvas.

Question 1 5 pts

Describe the processes that determine the fate of petroleum leaked or spilled into the ocean and how the characteristics of the petroleum spillage affects its persistence in the environment.

A strong answer will describe the processes that degrade, disperse, or deposit petroleum, citing specific examples, explain the controls on these processes in terms of environmental factors (e.g water temperature) and properties of the petroleum (e.g. volatility, solubility), and refer to the end products from such events.

Question 2 1 pts

Which of the following explanations best explains why plastic debris in the North Pacific accumulates in the region known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

Materials dumped or lost in the North Pacific are transported by currents and focused in this ocean gyre by geostrophic flow

The area of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch represents the site where most plastic debris is dumped

Plastic material from Asia only travels westward halfway across the North Pacific

Plastic material from North America only travels eastward halfway across the North Pacific

The idea of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch derives from the number of islands in this region of the North Pacific that accumulate plastic debris

Question 3 2 pts

Which two of the following phytoplankton are species of dinoflagellates that can produce red tides?

Karenia brevis

Tetraselmis

Ulva prolifera

Akashiwo sanguine

Aphanizomenon

Question 4 2 pts

Which two of the following types of ocean pollutant – here associated with their origins from anthropogenic sources – have no natural source?

Synthetic chemicals contained in pesticides

Hydrocarbons spilled during transport of petroleum

Heavy metals present in industrial effluents

Nutrients from agricultural fertilizers

Plastics manufactured as petroleum products

Instructions

Your essay answer should be clear and succinct, amounting to perhaps 3-5 sentences totaling 50 to 80 words; longer essays are strongly discouraged. It is recommended that you prepare your answer in a separate document from which you copy it into Canvas.

Question 1 5 pts

Is the temperature increase associated with increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2 globally uniform, or does it vary between continents and oceans, or show other spatial variations?

A strong answer will describe the variations in temperature changes in different regions, ideally citing values for temperature anomalies in °C relative to the 1951-1980 baseline. It will compare the temperature changes for continents and oceans and identify regions where the changes are most extreme.

Question 2 3 pts

Match the three processes that are associated with climate change resulting from increasing CO2 with the specific feedbacks that they trigger.

Loss of Arctic sea ice

[ Choose ]Increased ocean productivityIncreased albedoIncreased calcificationSea level fallIncreased dust fluxesSea level riseDecreased albedoCoral bleaching and decreased calcification

Ocean acidification

[ Choose ]Increased ocean productivityIncreased albedoIncreased calcificationSea level fallIncreased dust fluxesSea level riseDecreased albedoCoral bleaching and decreased calcification

Increasing ocean temperatures

[ Choose ]Increased ocean productivityIncreased albedoIncreased calcificationSea level fallIncreased dust fluxesSea level riseDecreased albedoCoral bleaching and decreased calcification

Question 3 2 pts

Ice cores and/or marine sediments provide records of past glacial/interglacial cycles associated with major changes in ice volume. Select the two aspects of these climate cycles that are characteristic of these glacial/interglacial cycles.

Stepwise cooling and rapid warming

Rapid cooling and gradual warming

Increased dust during glaciations

Increased dust during interglacials

Higher levels of CO2 during glacials

Higher levels of CO2 associated with lower temperatures

Decreased 18O in forams during cold intervals

Chose TWO of the 4 articles attached below. For the summary follow the instructions below please thanks!

you have to define the scientific jargon into your own words so that a non-science person could understand your write up. Each summary should take up two FULL pages with 1-inch margins all around, 12pt font that is New Roman Times, and line spacing should be single spaced. The summary should be concise, no quoting directly from the article, and no outside citations. This will require you to read and understand the entire paper. You will have to define terms you are not familiar with and then you will have to take a long and complex paper and break it down to its essential content and significance

Format:

Name

Date

Full Citation of article as described form citation guidelines (follow formatting!!)

Body of your summary:

You should use the following subheadings and directions to write your summary.

Introduction:

Discuss the basic biological concepts of the article or the question(s) being asked by the study. Then briefly discuss what is known about the concepts the authors are writing about. This section would be critical to a reader who was not familiar with the scope of the study you are writing about.

Methods:

How was the research done? What were the methods used? This section should not get to technical or detailed since many readers might not be familiar with techniques in the area the authors are experts on. However, it should be very clear what was done and the assumptions made by the authors in terms the reader can understand.

Results:

Briefly and concisely report what was discovered in the study. This section should be short and to the point and do not try to itemize everything that the authors report inyou have to define the scientific jargon into your own words so that a non-science person could understand your write up. Each summary should take up two FULL pages with 1-inch margins all around, 12pt font that is New Roman Times, and line spacing should be single spaced. The summary should be concise, no quoting directly from the article, and no outside citations. This will require you to read and understand the entire paper. You will have to define terms you are not familiar with and then you will have to take a long and complex paper and break it down to its essential content and significance

Discussion and Conclusions:

How do the authors present how their results alter or change the field or concept discussed in the introduction? What is new about the results? What remains to be done on the topic and future steps?

Part A. THE STRESS RESPONSE: People experience stress in different ways.

1) What symptoms do you experience when you feel stress?

2) What do you think happens to the immune system when you are stressed?

3) What division of the nervous system is very active in people involved in stressful situations?

4) What reactions does the body have to stress because of this branch of the nervous system?

5) Have you ever experienced this? If so, explain why and how that felt.

6) Discuss how and why stress is a GOOD thing.

7) Briefly discuss how the endocrine system works with the nervous system in stress?

Part B. Illness is one of the main causes of stress, so discuss a pathology involving the nervous system that you have personally or professionally witnessed. What is the anatomy and pysiology of the pathology (i.e. What part(s) of the nervous system is/are affected and how is normal physiology interrupted?) and what are the etiology, progression and final outcome of your selected neuropathology.

1)Evaluate the quotient.

4.05×1026.27×10−7=

2)Evaluate the quotient.

3.80×10−46.40×103=

3)Convert 1.11×10−3 m

$1.11\times {10}^{-3}\text{m}$

to the equivalent length in nanometers.

4)Convert the volume to its equivalent in milliliters.

88.0 UL=

5)Steve races to the nearest taco stand at lunchtime and sees that his pedometer recorded his peak speed at 109.5

$109.5$

cm/s. What was Steve’s peak speed in kilometers per hour?

6)Ethanol is a common laboratory solvent and has a density of 0.789

$0.789$

g/mL. What is the mass, in grams, of 139

$139$

mL of ethanol?

7)An empty beaker weighs 45.81 g.

$45.81\text{g.}$

When completely filled with water, the beaker and its contents have a total mass of 269.15 g.

$269.15\text{g.}$

What volume does the beaker hold? Use =1.00 g/mL

$d=1.00\text{g/mL}$

as the density of water.

How much would the beaker and its contents weigh if it was completely filled with mercury? The density of mercury is =13.5 g/mL.

Discussion on the edge of the solar system and the asteoid belt.

-Some promts to consider:

-Why are some dwarf planets a “candidate”?

-Give a compelling argument backed with details as to why we need or don’t need the term “dwarf planet”.

-What surprises or fascinates you about the Oort cloud and Kuiper belt? Any news?

-What are we doing to protect Earth from Asteroid impacts?

-Why do we have so many near-Earth asteroids?

-What danger does (or not ) space junk pose to Earth?

Journal Entry

• Part 1. What’s up in the Sky? What have you seen? Moon phases and planets visible… include unusual events like comets or meteor showers. (4 points) reflect on what you saw, or didn’t see due to weather that is up in the sky this module.
• Part 2. Optional images, photos, sketches
• Part 3. Cover the Learning Objectives. Expound upon a minimum of four Learning Objectives for the module. This is the place to help you learn by taking notes, putting links to web pages, and writing in your words your personal understanding is of the material. This section helps you prepare for the quiz and is the heart of the class. Do not skimp on this. Remember all of the learning objectives will be on the quiz, so it is to your advantage to have more than four Learning objectives covered here. (8 points)
• Part 4. Reflect upon at least four Learning Objectives….. Process your notes so you learn. Write out in paragraphs details and what you thought about the learning objective. Put the most interesting or what is the most confusing to give you a way to really learn the material. You chose what is important to reflect upon and to put into your brain and your journal. It needs to be more than one or two sentences. I would like to see four or five sentences of reflection for each of the minimum four learning objectives. ( 4 points)
• Part 5. Highlight or Muddy point. I always read this so make it GOOD. What was exciting or the most fascinating this module? Or What does not make sense or blows your mind? Finally, what are you curious about if everything is clear. (4 points)
• Part 6. Citations at end … or cite as you go along…. APA format. See Owl Perdue website for APA details. At the very least put the URL so you can go back and look up the material.

Section 7 Learning Objectives.

LO1 In general, describe the characteristics of dwarf planets.

LO2 Compare the orbital characteristics of Pluto with those of the planets

LO3 Characterize the general characteristics of comets

LO4 Describe trans-Neptunian and Kuiper-belt objects

LO5 Describe the composition of the Oort cloud

LO6 Outline the discovery of asteroids and describe their typical orbits.

LO7 Describe the composition and classification of the various types of asteroids.

End Stage Kidney Disease Case Analysis

The goal of this assignment is to show that you understand the importance of the liver, pancreas, and kidneys in the proper functioning of the human body.

Sarah, a 63–year-old female with a past medical history significant for diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, gout, and a 30-pack a year smoking history, presents to the emergency room

with chest pain revealing pericarditis in the echocardiogram, secondary to recently diagnosed end-stage renal disease. Physical examination reveals yellowish discoloration to the skin and sclera, multiple bruises, and 2+ bilateral edema. Sarah reports weakness lasting more than three weeks. Her medications include Glisten, a new drug for diabetes that causes ATP sensitive potassium channels to close, thereby releasing insulin.

Her recent laboratory results are as follows:

	CBC
Sodium	126 mEq/L
Glucose	220 mmol/L
Calcium	7.1 mg/dl
Red blood cell count	3.9 cells / ul
	Vitals
Blood pressure	92/64 mmHg
	Blood Gases
pH	7.28
CO2	30 mmHg
HCO3	12 mmol/L
	Hormone Panel
Renin	Low
ADH	Elevated
Aldosterone	Low
	Vitamins
Vit D	low
Vit K	low
Vit E	low
Vit A	low
	Urine and Stool Sample
Stool color	Gray
Stool content	Increased fat content
Urine color	White

Address each of the following regarding Sarah’s case:

1. Explain the cause for her low calcium and sodium levels.
2. Explain the cause of her anemia. What laboratory test should indicate she is suffering from anemia?
3. Explain the cause of her hypotension. How will her body attempt to establish homeostasis?
4. What type of acid-base disorder has she developed, and how will her body compensate?
5. Explain the cause of her elevated ADH and glucose levels.
6. What is the correlation between her illnesses and the low vitamins (D, K, E, and A), renin, and aldosterone levels?
7. Which hormone would the body elevate in response to her low calcium levels? Why?
8. Explain the physiological reason behind her physical findings (yellowish hint of the skin, sclera, multiple bruises, weakness, and edema).
9. Explain the cause of her abnormal stool and urine sample.
10. What cell does Glisten work on? Explain how this medication is able to stimulate insulin secretion.

Specifics

• Support your opinions with evidence from your readings and research.
• You must reference a minimum of three (3) scholarly sources in your paper, which includes one non-Internet source.
• Use current APA format to style your paper and to cite your sources.
• Your paper/total responses must be 3–4 pages in length not including the title page, abstract, and reference pages.